东岳论丛

鲍德里亚在《消费社会》的附录中对电影《布拉格的大学生》做了两种解读：一种是用传统的异化理论解读，其理论前提是先验主体的同一性，大学生与魔鬼的交易导致他与自身的镜像分离，最后又回归到自身的同一性——这是一个经典的异化故事，体现了传统异化理论的理想主义色彩；另一种是对其做当代异化的解读，取消了与其本质同一的先验主体，取消了与魔鬼协议的神话，终结了人失去其本质的悲剧和通过对抗的方式实现与其本质同一的传统异化模式。在当代异化中，不存在符号结构之外的先验主体，他作为符号系统中的元素直接内在于系统的安排，在其中建构自身及其与他者、社会的关系。鲍德里亚早期这一充满结构主义色彩的观点，毫无疑问受到了索绪尔、巴特、列维-斯特劳斯、福柯等人的影响，但鲍德里亚更为激进和悲观，在他看来，消费社会是更为彻底和全面的异化结构，它无法被超越。

In the appendix of Consumer Society,Baudrillard made two interpretations of the film University Student of Prague: one is to interpret it with the traditional alienation theory.Its theoretical premise is the identity of a priori subject.The transaction between university student and the devil leads to the separation of his mirror image from himself,and finally returns to his own identity.It is a classic alienation story,which reflects the idealistic color of the traditional alienation theory. The other is the interpretation of contemporary alienation,which cancels the transcendental subject with the same essence,cancels the myth of agreement with the devil,and ends the tragedy of people losing their essence and the traditional alienation mode of realizing the same essence through confrontation.In contemporary alienation,there is no transcendental subject outside the symbolic structure.As an element in the symbolic system,he directly lies in the arrangement of the system,in which he constructs himself and his relationship with others and society. Baudrillard 's early view full of structuralism is undoubtedly influenced by Saussure,Bart and Foucault,but Baudrillard is more radical and pessimistic. In his view,the consumer society is a more thorough and comprehensive alienation structure,which cannot be surpassed.