东岳论丛

科幻文学发展的生长点是反映时代的弊病，并以审美的方式超脱现实。20世纪90年代以来中国进入“断裂时代”,形成多元利益格局，如何推动社会各阶层凝心聚力、创新发展，以应对百年未有之大变局，是当下中国的时代主题，也是中国科幻文学的现实基础。王晋康、刘慈欣、陈楸帆三代作家作品是断裂时代中国科幻的代表作。科幻奇观指科幻文本中呈现的奇异景观，科幻奇观的载体是四种奇观符号，即类人生命、异度空间、发现发明、未来城国。首先，三位作家面对艺术化构思反映了不对称战争的威胁、中国社会底层裂变、知识阶层道德危机等三类社会危难。其次，王晋康通过奇观符号的多样化对道德进行重建，刘慈欣以奇观符号展现实用化生存策略，陈楸帆以奇观符号的开放化实现生命转换。最后，三位作家通过建构科幻奇观美学路径，突破社会危难的罗网，王晋康将希望寄托于无垠的时空，这是圣徒式歌者对道德信仰的追求；刘慈欣表达了对强者的无限崇敬，这是强人式歌者对生命力量的追索；陈楸帆憧憬不同生命体的情感融合，这是真情式歌者对心灵认同的追探。三位作家以危难意识为起点，以奇观符号为突破，以理想图景为超越，在文本中形成科幻奇观美学，为人的灵性世界高歌，体现了中国科幻最高的旨趣与成就。

The growth point of science fiction literature is to reflect the drawbacks of the times and transcend reality in an aesthetic way. Since the 1990s, China has entered a“broken age”, forming a diverse pattern of interests. How to promote the cohesion and innovative development of various social classes to cope with the unprecedented changes in a century is the current theme of China and the practical foundation of Chinese sci-fi literature. The works of three generations of writers, Wang Jinkang, Liu Cixin, and Chen Qiufan, are representative works of Chinese science fiction in the broken age. Sci-fi wonders refer to the wonderful landscapes in the sci-fi texts,whose carriers are 4 kinds of wonderful symbols, namely humanoid life, alien space, discovery and invention,and future city states. Firstly, the three writers reflected three types of social crises through artistic conception,namely the threat of asymmetric war, the fission of the bottom of Chinese society, and the moral crisis of the intellectual class. Secondly, Wang Jinkang reconstructed morality through the diversification of spectacle symbols, Liu Cixin demonstrated practical survival strategies through spectacle symbols, and Chen Qiufan achieved life transformation through the openness of spectacle symbols. Finally, the three writers broke through the trap of social crisis by constructing the aesthetic path of science fiction wonders. Wang Jinkang placed his hope in the boundless time and space, which is the pursuit of moral faith by saintly singers. Liu Cixin expressed infinite respect for the strong, which is the pursuit of the power of life by the strong singer. Chen Qiufan yearns for the emotional fusion of different life forms, which is a true love singer's exploration of spiritual identity. The three writers, starting from the consciousness of danger, breaking through with the symbols of wonders, and surpassing the ideal picture, have formed the aesthetics of sci-fi wonders in their texts, singing high songs for the spiritual world of humans, and reflecting the highest interest and achievements of Chinese sci-fi literature.